Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

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Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. 'hundred times') is a Chinese international technology company specializing in Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China's online search engine market (through Baidu Search), and offers a wide array of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu's flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).



Besides its core web search company, Baidu has actually diversified into several high-growth locations. The company is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in synthetic intelligence, Baidu is among the few tech business worldwide to provide a full-stack AI stack, including software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing's Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu's market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has progressively concentrated on generative AI related items. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champion corporations. [14]:156 -157


Early development


In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.


In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that utilized links to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search system as "link analysis," which involved ranking the appeal of a web site based on how numerous other sites had connected to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.


Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu whenever a client clicked an ad, predating Google's method to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and photo online search engine, adopting a special identification innovation efficient in determining and grouping the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ


Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources specified that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which allows the online search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides showing specific outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business's very first regular service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would team up with Sina to supply mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers manage their service relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business launched a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business


In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo task (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of autonomous vehicles consisting of lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this job in July 2017, before slowly presenting totally self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as lots of as 100 self-governing driving projects over the occurring three years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to act as the business's official ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous various languages. Smaller than a common mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under development. Baidu will likewise be placing artificial intelligence (AI) innovation into mobile phones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has actually also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom's stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, workers, partners, designers, and media to talk about the business's objective and technique, technology breakthroughs, new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China's federal government designated Baidu as one of its "AI champs" in 2018. [49]:281


In 2018, Baidu divested the "Global DU service" portion of its overseas company, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This company now runs individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing


In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong because JD.com's noting the previous June.


In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar idea said to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also includes the newest second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to supply predictive recommendations to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.


In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electrical automobile company initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first idea ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production lorry. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical vehicle platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a more recent version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu's self-governing ride-hailing service, had finished six million rides using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless automobiles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack


On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com's DNS records in the United States were transformed such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to lag the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating "This site has been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army". [58] Chinese hackers later on reacted by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later introduced legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was revealed that Register.com's technical support personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, regardless of stopping working security verification procedures. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu's domain passwords sent directly to them, allowing them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu employees apprehended


On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The allurements were allegedly paid for deleting posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition


On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intent to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, but it has actually been reported that the app shop deals with personal privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a conclusive merger contract to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the biggest offer ever in China's IT sector. [66]

Name


The name Baidu (百度) actually implies "a hundred times", or alternatively, "numerous times". It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji's (辛弃疾) classical poem "Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival" (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: "Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight." (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services


Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]

Advertisements


Baidu's primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits advertisers to have their advertisements shown in Baidu search results pages and on other sites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu's search engine result are also based upon payments by marketers. This has triggered criticism and skepticism amongst Chinese users, with People's Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns relating to reliability of Baidu results. Often as many as the first 2 pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its advertising products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu's web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business established a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up business address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition


Baidu [76] competes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (http://www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft's Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase's Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba's Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.


Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China's market share. The variety of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google's having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu's share of profits in China's search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.


It is likewise apparent that Baidu is attempting to enter the Internet social network market. As of 2011 [upgrade], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the worldwide social media, handled by Baidu. [79] This plan, if carried out, would take on Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting an evaluation of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu's search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have utilized anticompetitive strategies in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents


Baidu has begun to invest in deep learning research study and is incorporating brand-new deep knowing technology into a few of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu's ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live made an application for a patent for its "DNA copyright recognition" innovation. This technology instantly scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes content that might breach copyright law. This allows Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they acquired licenses from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The business objective to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 self-governing vehicles set to begin offering rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is planned to join Baidu's driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu's internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its inquiry results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet cops departments to spot information related to "anti-government rumors" and then flooding "Baidu-linked web sites, news websites and gadgets with alerts dispelling false information." [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge data and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to "perform unique guidance" on news and info related to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to "non-compliant" with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies


Death of Wei Zexi


In 2016, Baidu's P4P search engine result apparently contributed to the death of a trainee who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei's family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The event set off huge online discussions after Wei's death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China's Internet space, dispatched a team of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical marketing offsets 30% of Baidu's ad income, much of which originates from for-profit hospitals that come from the "Putian Network", a collection of hospitals throughout the country founded by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose a number of restrictions on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising content and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu's search function now mainly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu's control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that "Online search engine Baidu is dead". [106]

Commercialization of Tieba


Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified health centers. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of illness will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public well-being organizations. In response to Baidu's choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private health centers have actually gone into a duration of market improvement and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu's decision will not have a negative influence on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps


On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue improving background programs on user gadgets given that a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking on web advertisements - even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings generated by "clicks". [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user ranking of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google's AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India


In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese sites that were banned or obstructed in India for nationwide security factors. [119]

2024 head of communications debate


In May 2024, Baidu's previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated major backlashes throughout the Chinese social media for endorsing harmful work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a coworker to be on a 50-day organization journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually aroused further conversations amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu's business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the occurrence and has allegedly lost her task. Baidu's stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in the People's Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of online search engine.
List of online search engine by appeal.


China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.


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Further reading


- Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). "NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator rules China's Web with pragmatism". Reuters.
- Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). "Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices".
- Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). "Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones".